Sep 4, 2023 · 0.01 7649551 US Dollars. 1 USD = 56.6587 PHP. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Philippine Peso to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Sep 3, 2023, 08:11 UTC. May 29, 2023 · PHP frameworks offer several benefits, making them a compelling choice for web developers. Firstly, PHP frameworks offer a structured approach to development with pre-built components, streamlining the process, accelerating project completion, and enhancing productivity. Secondly, using a PHP framework can contribute to cost savings. PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ». @chiccodoro: thanks for the advice, i edited the answer. @ravi: your install of xampp contains two versions of php (4.4.7 and 5.2.4); you must use the 5.2.4 to benefit from the bundled json extension. If you use the 4.2.7 version, either change versions or install the extension following the link i posted –PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».Dec 1, 2019 · PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ... PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ...Select and Filter Data From a MySQL Database. The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition. SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.Aug 15, 2014 · What I'm trying to come up with is a way so PHP collects the info like count or coordinates or description but collect only if it's description (Warehouse or Office or Parking) is included in the array of allowed/valid criteria which is listed above. PHP operators for beginners and professionals with examples, php file, php session, php date, php array, php form, functions, time, xml, ajax, php mysql, regex ...Xe Currency Converter Convert Send Charts Alerts Amount 1$ From USD – US Dollar To PHP – Philippine Peso 1.00 US Dollar = Philippine Pesos 1 PHP = 0.0175427 USD We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates View transfer quoteThere is also something called a nowdoc which is like a single quote string in PHP, but these won't let you use variables inside them. It is the start of a string that uses the HEREDOC syntax. A third way to delimit strings is the heredoc syntax: <<<. After this operator, an identifier is provided, then a newline.Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...Enums are defined by a code and a description, where the code can be an integer, a binary value, a short string, or basically anything else you want. The pattern could easily be extended to support orther properties. It asupports value (==) and reference (===) comparisons and works in switch statements. Introduction. The Carbon class is inherited from the PHP DateTime class. <?php namespace Carbon ; class Carbon extends \DateTime { // code here } You can see from the code snippet above that the Carbon class is declared in the Carbon namespace. You need to import the namespace to use Carbon without having to provide its fully qualified name ...PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. popular general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited to web development. Fast, flexible and pragmatic, PHP powers everything from your blog to the most popular websites in the world. What's new in 8.2 Download. 8.2.9 · Changelog · Upgrading.Apr 24, 2023 · PHP is a server-side scripting language, which means that a server executes the instructions in a script. Then, the server provides data on request, channels the requests, and organizes the information in a database. When a web server receives a script, it will process the request and send output to a web browser in an HTML format. Dec 19, 2021 · Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations (addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations (AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values. PHP: Supported Versions PHP 8.3.0 RC 1 available for testing Supported Versions Each release branch of PHP is fully supported for two years from its initial stable release. During this period, bugs and security issues that have been reported are fixed and are released in regular point releases.Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more. Select and Filter Data From a MySQL Database. The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition. SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial. Part of PHP Collective. 8. So I've recently became very interested in machine learning, and have been using tensorflow (python) in some of my projects at work. However, I've now found a use for digit classification in one of my web projects which is all written in PHP for server-side code. Ideally, I'd like to be able to upload a picture via a ...Open the terminal prompt and then type the following commands. Login to the remote server using the ssh command. For example: ssh user@linux-unix-server-ip. To check PHP version, run: php --version OR php-cgi --version. To print PHP 7 version, type: php7 --version OR php7-cgi --version. Find latest PHP 8 version, type: php8 --version OR php8 ...Now we have the phpredis extension installed. Copy and paste the content of “modules” folder to the php extension directory or use the following command in terminal. sudo cp modules/redis.so {php-config–extension-dir} Now, we need to configure php to use it. Add the following lines in php.ini for your php installation.Sep 4, 2023 · 0.01 7649551 US Dollars. 1 USD = 56.6587 PHP. We use the mid-market rate for our Converter. This is for informational purposes only. You won’t receive this rate when sending money. Login to view send rates. Philippine Peso to US Dollar conversion — Last updated Sep 3, 2023, 08:11 UTC. Oct 16, 2015 at 18:09. Add a comment. 0. You have to put this line ( extension=mongo.so) inside (at the end worked for me) your php.ini file. If you don't know where your php.ini file is, you can display its location using this following line : echo phpinfo (); (from a php page of your project). Look at the line "Loaded Configuration File".PHP Variables. A variable can have a short name (like x and y) or a more descriptive name (age, carname, total_volume). A variable starts with the $ sign, followed by the name of the variable. A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character. A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and underscores (A-z, 0-9 ...Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:This PHP tutorial, whether you’re a beginner or a professional, our tutorial is designed to provide you with in-depth knowledge of the PHP scripting language. With our PHP tutorial, you’ll learn all the important topics, including control statements, functions, arrays, strings, file handling, form handling, regular expressions, date and ...PHP frameworks offer several benefits, making them a compelling choice for web developers. Firstly, PHP frameworks offer a structured approach to development with pre-built components, streamlining the process, accelerating project completion, and enhancing productivity. Secondly, using a PHP framework can contribute to cost savings.Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server. I'm using web server nginx, php 7.1 fpm and laravel in Centos 7. I want to install SQL Server following the official installation tutorial for Linux but I'm confused with this command: echo extension=pdo_sqlsrv.so >> `php --ini | grep "Scan for additional .ini files" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`/pdo ...Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...Jul 3, 2019 · Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server. I'm using web server nginx, php 7.1 fpm and laravel in Centos 7. I want to install SQL Server following the official installation tutorial for Linux but I'm confused with this command: echo extension=pdo_sqlsrv.so >> `php --ini | grep "Scan for additional .ini files" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`/pdo ... Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...Aug 1, 2023 · Strings. ¶. A string is a series of characters, where a character is the same as a byte. This means that PHP only supports a 256-character set, and hence does not offer native Unicode support. See details of the string type . Note: On 32-bit builds, a string can be as large as up to 2GB (2147483647 bytes maximum) Also, you can increase PHP’s memory limit for specific websites. One method would be to place a php.ini file in the site’s webroot. You can even set the limit for specific scriptname.php. For example using ini_set(‘memory_limit’,’256MB’). How to increase PHP memory_limit. To increase the PHP memory limit setting, edit your PHP.ini file.Aug 23, 2011 · Getting Started Introduction A simple tutorial Language Reference Basic syntax Types Variables Constants Expressions Operators Control Structures Functions Aug 1, 2023 · 2 years ago. In php there are 3 types of comments. 1.single line c++ style comment (//) 2.single line Unix shell stype comment (#) 3.multi line c style comment (/*/) single or multi line comment comes to the end of the line or come first to the current block of php code. PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...Arrays. ¶. An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other array s, trees and ...PHP has many predefined constants that are often useful. Here, PHP_OS is the one you are looking for. For instance, on my current machine, this code : var_dump(PHP_OS); Gives : string 'Linux' (length=5) You have some examples and comparisons with what the php_uname function can get you on the manual page of php_uname; for instance (quoting):Strings. ¶. A string is a series of characters, where a character is the same as a byte. This means that PHP only supports a 256-character set, and hence does not offer native Unicode support. See details of the string type . Note: On 32-bit builds, a string can be as large as up to 2GB (2147483647 bytes maximum)Aug 1, 2023 · Solution: If you want to have a function that uses references to modify a member of your object, your object should never pass the member to the function directly. It should first make a copy of the member. Then give that copy to the function. Then copy the new value of that copy in to your original object member. PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .Jun 29, 2020 · June 29, 2020. In June, 1995, Rasmus Lerdorf made an announcement on a Usenet group. You can still read it. Today, twenty five years on, PHP is about as ubiquitous as it could possibly have become ... Select and Filter Data From a MySQL Database. The WHERE clause is used to filter records. The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified condition. SELECT column_name (s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name operator value. To learn more about SQL, please visit our SQL tutorial.PHP's behaviour when using more than one unparenthesized ternary operator within a single expression is non-obvious compared to other languages. Indeed prior to PHP 8.0.0, ternary expressions were evaluated left-associative, instead of right-associative like most other programming languages. Feb 6, 2023 · Also, you can increase PHP’s memory limit for specific websites. One method would be to place a php.ini file in the site’s webroot. You can even set the limit for specific scriptname.php. For example using ini_set(‘memory_limit’,’256MB’). How to increase PHP memory_limit. To increase the PHP memory limit setting, edit your PHP.ini file. PHP: Supported Versions PHP 8.3.0 RC 1 available for testing Supported Versions Each release branch of PHP is fully supported for two years from its initial stable release. During this period, bugs and security issues that have been reported are fixed and are released in regular point releases.MySQL is a database system used on the web. MySQL is a database system that runs on a server. MySQL is ideal for both small and large applications. MySQL is very fast, reliable, and easy to use. MySQL uses standard SQL. MySQL compiles on a number of platforms. MySQL is free to download and use. MySQL is developed, distributed, and supported by ... Jan 20, 2015 · pcregrep -rMl '\?> [\s ]+\z' *. This will match all files in the folder and subfolders (the -r part) using PCRE multiline match (the -M part), and only list their filenames (the -l part). As for the pattern, well that matches ?> followed by 1 or more whitespace or newline characters, followed by the end of the file \z. PHP has many predefined constants that are often useful. Here, PHP_OS is the one you are looking for. For instance, on my current machine, this code : var_dump(PHP_OS); Gives : string 'Linux' (length=5) You have some examples and comparisons with what the php_uname function can get you on the manual page of php_uname; for instance (quoting):PHP supports C-style pre- and post-increment and decrement operators. Note: The increment/decrement operators only affect numbers and strings. Arrays, objects, booleans and resources are not affected. Decrementing null values has no effect too, but incrementing them results in 1. Increment/decrement Operators.Part of PHP Collective. 8. So I've recently became very interested in machine learning, and have been using tensorflow (python) in some of my projects at work. However, I've now found a use for digit classification in one of my web projects which is all written in PHP for server-side code. Ideally, I'd like to be able to upload a picture via a ...Enums are defined by a code and a description, where the code can be an integer, a binary value, a short string, or basically anything else you want. The pattern could easily be extended to support orther properties. It asupports value (==) and reference (===) comparisons and works in switch statements. The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries. The user friendly PHP online compiler that allows you to Write PHP code and run it online. The PHP text editor also supports taking input from the user and standard libraries. PHP is a server-side scripting language created in 1995 by Rasmus Lerdorf. PHP is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. What is PHP used for? As of October 2018, PHP is used on 80% of websites whose server-side language is known. It is typically ...Jul 3, 2019 · Install the PHP drivers for Microsoft SQL Server. I'm using web server nginx, php 7.1 fpm and laravel in Centos 7. I want to install SQL Server following the official installation tutorial for Linux but I'm confused with this command: echo extension=pdo_sqlsrv.so >> `php --ini | grep "Scan for additional .ini files" | sed -e "s|.*:\s*||"`/pdo ... PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. It is used to manage dynamic content, databases, session tracking, even build entire e-commerce sites. It is integrated with a number of popular databases, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, Sybase, Informix, and Microsoft SQL Server. PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution ...Aug 15, 2014 · What I'm trying to come up with is a way so PHP collects the info like count or coordinates or description but collect only if it's description (Warehouse or Office or Parking) is included in the array of allowed/valid criteria which is listed above. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language widely used as a server-side language for creating dynamic web pages. Though its reputation is mixed, PHP is still extremely popular and is used in over 75% of all websites where the server-side programming language is known.Aug 1, 2023 · Solution: If you want to have a function that uses references to modify a member of your object, your object should never pass the member to the function directly. It should first make a copy of the member. Then give that copy to the function. Then copy the new value of that copy in to your original object member. Aug 1, 2023 · 2 years ago. In php there are 3 types of comments. 1.single line c++ style comment (//) 2.single line Unix shell stype comment (#) 3.multi line c style comment (/*/) single or multi line comment comes to the end of the line or come first to the current block of php code. Aug 1, 2023 · Arrays. ¶. An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other array s, trees and ... The first parameter specifies the string that you want to decode. The second parameter determines how the decoded data is returned. Setting it to true will return an associative array, and false will return objects. Here is a basic example. We have a file called people.json with the following contents: 1. {.PHP operators for beginners and professionals with examples, php file, php session, php date, php array, php form, functions, time, xml, ajax, php mysql, regex ... Dec 26, 2012 · The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ... Dec 26, 2012 · The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ... To find the real php.ini that you need to change go to Terminal and run the following: php -i | grep "php.ini". You'll get a path like this: Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /etc. When you go to that directory you may find that you, in fact, have no php.ini file at all but instead have something named php.ini.default !!!PHP-GTK related documentation is hosted on the PHP-GTK website. Documentation of PEAR and the various packages can be found on a separate server. You can still read a copy of the original PHP/FI 2.0 Manual on our site, which we only host for historical purposes. The same applies to the PHP 3 Manual .The PHP concatenation operator (.) is used to combine two string values to create one string. .=. Concatenation assignment. Here you'll find the complete list of timezones supported by PHP, which are meant to be used with e.g. date_default_timezone_set () . The behavior of timezones not listed here is undefined. Note: The latest version of the timezone database can be installed via PECL's » timezonedb . Note: This list is based upon the timezone database version ...May 29, 2023 · PHP frameworks offer several benefits, making them a compelling choice for web developers. Firstly, PHP frameworks offer a structured approach to development with pre-built components, streamlining the process, accelerating project completion, and enhancing productivity. Secondly, using a PHP framework can contribute to cost savings. The optional timestamp parameter in the date () function specifies a timestamp. If omitted, the current date and time will be used (as in the examples above). The PHP mktime () function returns the Unix timestamp for a date. The Unix timestamp contains the number of seconds between the Unix Epoch (January 1 1970 00:00:00 GMT) and the time ...Aug 15, 2014 · What I'm trying to come up with is a way so PHP collects the info like count or coordinates or description but collect only if it's description (Warehouse or Office or Parking) is included in the array of allowed/valid criteria which is listed above. Aug 1, 2023 · Arrays. ¶. An array in PHP is actually an ordered map. A map is a type that associates values to keys. This type is optimized for several different uses; it can be treated as an array, list (vector), hash table (an implementation of a map), dictionary, collection, stack, queue, and probably more. As array values can be other array s, trees and ... Aug 1, 2023 · Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only). Setting up PHP on LiteSpeed Web Server is simple with the induction of the PHP section starting in LSWS version 5.3. For control panel environments the PHP is auto detected and if needed can be overridden on a per setup basis. This setup will show you how to manually setup the PHP section to work with the binaries on your system to serve PHP files.Command line options; Option Long Option Description-a--interactive: Run PHP interactively. For more information, see the Interactive shell section.-b--bindpath: Bind Path for external FASTCGI Server mode (CGI only).May 5, 2012 · In order to set project specific configuration options, simply add a php.ini file to your project, and then run the built-in server with this flag: php -S localhost:8000 -c php.ini. This is especially helpful for settings that cannot be set at runtime (ini_set ()). up. down. A session is started with the session_start () function. Session variables are set with the PHP global variable: $_SESSION. Now, let's create a new page called "demo_session1.php". In this page, we start a new PHP session and set some session variables: strpos () - Search For a Text Within a String. The PHP strpos () function searches for a specific text within a string. If a match is found, the function returns the character position of the first match. If no match is found, it will return FALSE.Apr 5, 2022 · Issue Cannot enable the JSON extension in CloudLinux PHP Selector Environment PHP Selector Solution 1. Validate the alt-php7x-common... Click on the URL button, Enter URL and Submit. This tool supports loading the PHP File to beautify. Click on the Upload button and select File. It beautify pure PHP framework file such as Laravel, CodeIgniter, YII, CakePHP, Symfony and many more one file at a time. PHP Source Code Beautifier Online works well on Windows, MAC, Linux, Chrome ...
FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize.. Tops e bonus coupons
Jun 9, 2023 · This PHP tutorial, whether you’re a beginner or a professional, our tutorial is designed to provide you with in-depth knowledge of the PHP scripting language. With our PHP tutorial, you’ll learn all the important topics, including control statements, functions, arrays, strings, file handling, form handling, regular expressions, date and ... 15. According to the article How to Get Current Datetime (NOW) with PHP, there are two common ways to get the current date. To get current datetime (now) with PHP, you can use the date class with any PHP version, or better the datetime class with PHP >= 5.2. Various date format expressions are available here.FastCGI Process Manager (FPM) Installation. Configuration. Installation of PECL extensions. Introduction to PECL Installations. Downloading PECL extensions. Installing a PHP extension on Windows. Compiling shared PECL extensions with the pecl command. Compiling shared PECL extensions with phpize.Example Get your own PHP Server. When the user fills out the form above and clicks the submit button, the form data is sent for processing to a PHP file named "welcome.php". The form data is sent with the HTTP POST method. To display the submitted data you could simply echo all the variables. The "welcome.php" looks like this:Dec 26, 2012 · The double arrow operator, =>, is used as an access mechanism for arrays. This means that what is on the left side of it will have a corresponding value of what is on the right side of it in array context. This can be used to set values of any acceptable type into a corresponding index of an array. The index can be associative (string based) or ... PHP supports C-style pre- and post-increment and decrement operators. Note: The increment/decrement operators only affect numbers and strings. Arrays, objects, booleans and resources are not affected. Decrementing null values has no effect too, but incrementing them results in 1. Increment/decrement Operators.In RHEL 6 I have installed PHP 7.2 via remi repository: # yum --enablerepo=remi-php72 install php Checked which modules are preinstalled with php -m. It is not listed. So I proceed to install it: # yum --enablerepo=remi-php72 php72-php-oci8 Installed: php72-php-oci8.x86_64 0:7.2.17-1.el6.remi Complete! Check modules again and oci8 not yet loaded.@chiccodoro: thanks for the advice, i edited the answer. @ravi: your install of xampp contains two versions of php (4.4.7 and 5.2.4); you must use the 5.2.4 to benefit from the bundled json extension. If you use the 4.2.7 version, either change versions or install the extension following the link i posted –Here you'll find the complete list of timezones supported by PHP, which are meant to be used with e.g. date_default_timezone_set () . The behavior of timezones not listed here is undefined. Note: The latest version of the timezone database can be installed via PECL's » timezonedb . Note: This list is based upon the timezone database version ...Setting up PHP on LiteSpeed Web Server is simple with the induction of the PHP section starting in LSWS version 5.3. For control panel environments the PHP is auto detected and if needed can be overridden on a per setup basis. This setup will show you how to manually setup the PHP section to work with the binaries on your system to serve PHP files. It would appear that in php the increment in the left side of the assignment is processed prior to processing the right side of the assignment, whereas in C, neither increment occurs until after the assignment.Feb 6, 2023 · Also, you can increase PHP’s memory limit for specific websites. One method would be to place a php.ini file in the site’s webroot. You can even set the limit for specific scriptname.php. For example using ini_set(‘memory_limit’,’256MB’). How to increase PHP memory_limit. To increase the PHP memory limit setting, edit your PHP.ini file. The first parameter specifies the string that you want to decode. The second parameter determines how the decoded data is returned. Setting it to true will return an associative array, and false will return objects. Here is a basic example. We have a file called people.json with the following contents: 1. {..